UOK (KOTA UNIVERSTY)

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PRACTICAL FILES

Collegepdx

download all first semester all notes from below.

Botany

SYLLABUS UNIT 1

Cell theory, cell structure (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), cell wall and membrane, (structure, models & functions), Structure and function of cell organelles: Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Golgi body, Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosome, Peroxisome, Vacuole.

Zoology Unit I: (Introduction to the Cell)

The chronology of cell biology, cell theory, concept and perspective of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, elementary idea of an animal cell, characteristics and chemical composition of protoplasm, structure and functions of the plasma membrane.

Botany

SYLLABUS UNIT 2

Nucleus, Chromatin: Euchromatin & Heterochromatin, Chromosome, structure, number aneuploidy, polyploidy, Special chromosome- B-chromosome, Nucleosome model, Cell Division, (Mitosis & Meiosis), Synaptonemal complex and its significance in meiosis.

Zoology Unit 2: (Components of the Cell)

Morphology, structure, and function of nucleus, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi complex, lysosomes, centrosome, and cytoskeleton.

Botany

SYLLABUS UNIT 3

Nucleic acid: DNA & RNA structure, types, and functions. DNA is the genetic material. DNA replication, semi-conservative methods and its evidence, enzyme involved in replication, protein synthesis.

Zoology Unit 3: (Cell division and Protein synthesis)

Cell cycle: phases and regulative mechanism, Mitosis: characteristics, steps, checkpoints, and significance; Meiosis: characteristics, phases, checkpoints, significance, linkage, and crossing over. DNA replication, genetic code, transcription and translation.

Botany

SYLLABUS UNIT 4

Genetic inheritance: Mendel's laws of inheritance, monohybrid dihybrid crosses, back and test cross, incomplete dominance, Linkage and crossing over. Regulation of gene expression: Negative and Positive gene Control, Operon (Lac and Tryptophan) concept.

Zoology Unit 4: (Mendelian and Post-Mendelian concepts of heredity)

Genetics: timeline of key events, Mendel's inheritance laws, the current status and significance of Mendel's inheritance work, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles, lethal genes, gene interactions, pleiotropic gene effects, polygenes, environmental, and maternal effects.

Botany

SYLLABUS UNIT 5

Mutations types: mutagens, Plant breeding, centre of origin, Plant Breeding Principle introduction Selection (Mass, Pure line and Clonal) hybridization hybrid vigour, green revolution.

Zoology Unit 5: (Contemporary trends in genetics)

Mutations: characteristics, types, causes, mutagens, significance, and molecular basis of mutations. Sex determination: types, sex determination system and mechanism, common genetic disorders, sex chromosomes linked inheritance, and pedigree analysis in humans. Elementary idea of human genomics